Tamil Nadu Agriculture University’s renovated botanical garden opens with new attractions

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Tamil Nadu’s second largest garden has been renovated, at the age of 113. Now, a walk through the refreshed botanical garden of Tamil Nadu Agriculture University is a riot of colours, scents and lessons in flora

A canopy of towering gulmohar trees streak the air with yellow as I begin my walk at the Tamil Nadu Agriculture University’s (TNAU) renovated botanical garden in Coimbatore. Adding pleasure to the view is a cool breeze. A few steps away from the profuse yellow, a riot of orange blooms dot the ground. Next to this bay of flowering shrubs of rose, yellow, and orange tecoma flowers are vast stretches of green lawns.

Symmetrical garden with flowering shrubs

The renovated front of the 113-year-old garden, second largest in the State after the Government Botanical Garden in Udhagamandalam (Ooty), has re-laid lawn grass on both sides, central fountains, and gazebos. A pond will be added with water lillies and lotuses.

All plants and trees have been labelled using QR coding system

All plants and trees have been labelled using QR coding system  
| Photo Credit:
Siva Saravanan S

The pavement on the main drive is flanked by rows of false Ashoka trees, foliage trees that branch out in tiers, and cordia trees that bear saffron-coloured flowers all through the year. Flowering climbers and clerodendrom shrubs with white and red blossoms form the hedges around arches at the lawns. A QR code displayed next to the trees and plants displays both scientific and common names.

Maze garden

Spread across 47 acres, the garden has over 800 species of flora, both exotic and native, and serves as an education hub for botanists and the general public. “It brings together education, aesthetics, and recreation,” says N Kumar, Vice-Chancellor of TNAU. “The garden is a zero-plastics zone and we ensure that the public strictly adhere to it,” he adds.

The front entrance leads to a renovated play area for children — a cheerful space with multiple swings and colourful slides. An artificial cascade waterfall is being readied. A garden maze with railings is accompanied by rows of clerodendron plants, with tiny white flowers. “These are evergreen plants and can grow up to two metres and in perfect shape. Children can run and hide themselves among the greenery,” says M Ganga, Associate Professor from the Department of Floriculture.

A scented trail

  • I pluck a few leaves from a stevia plant and chew them. They give me an instant sugar rush. “It’s a bio-sweetener, 100 times sweeter than sugar,” says L Nalina, Associate Professor at Department of Floriculture, who specialises in medicinal plants.
  • She adds, as we walk through the herbal and aroma garden that has a valuable collection of over 100 species, “We educate on identification, conservation, and uses of herbal and aromatic plants to the students. The public can also gain knowledge.”
  • Along with plants like nilavembu, brahmi and different varieties of basil, there are species like Thai long pepper ( yaanai thippili), Coleus, aaatukaal kilangu (a tuber shaped like goat’s legs), Malabar spinach and sweet flag (vasambu).
  • The aroma garden has some of the amazing-smelling plants, from the fragrant chamomile and cape jasmine to lavender, thyme, oregano, peppermint, rosemary and cloves.

A little distance away is a five-tiered sunken garden. It has a central pond laid below the ground level, and terraces around it. It also features steps embellished with flowering shrubs like pink euphorbias, and ruellias with pink, white and purple flowers.

“The Department of Floriculture maintains the garden. It’s a tropical botanical garden and serves as an eduction centre for floriculture students to learn about landscaping and concepts of floriculture as it is a part of the syllabus,” explains Kumar.

Along with the existing plants and trees, a number of new species have been added, like the branched palm sourced from the Royal Botanical Garden of Kolkata. A cluster of male and female branched palm trees stands still and picturesque overlooking the four-lawn green turf, developed with Mexican grass.

Beyond flowers and petals

Other attractions include a bambusetum with 15 species of bamboo, a rock garden with cacti species, and a palmatum with diverse palm species.

Plant conservatory with 400 protected species

Plant conservatory with 400 protected species  
| Photo Credit:
Siva Saravanan S

We stop by and glance at a beautiful pink flower, ( It’s the desert rose, a hardy plant, says Ganga) before moving on take a look at the trellis decked up with purple wreath, a lovely small climber with drooping violet-purple star-like flowers, yellow tabebuias and wild alamandas. A mound lawn with undulating elevations comes into the view, a place to sit and watch beautiful views of the garden. We walk past sivakundalam (sausage tree) and 100-year-old gulmohar trees with buttressed roots, to reach the plant conservatory, where plants are nurtured and protected in a green house with shade net.

Play area for children gets a facelift

A sprinkler water system creates a misty environment for the plants. There are anthuriums, birds of paradise, heliconias, rose grape cluster plants, peace lily, and more.

“These species require high humidity. Most of these plant species are rare, endangered or threatened. These species cannot withstand direct sunlight, so we nurture them under diffused light,” explains Ganga.

These efforts are taken for a solid reason, explains Kumar, “Our objective is to reach out to the public. A love for flora should eventually lead to conservation.”

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Tamil Nadu Agriculture University’s renovated botanical garden opens with new attractions

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Tamil Nadu’s second largest garden has been renovated, at the age of 113. Now, a walk through the refreshed botanical garden of Tamil Nadu Agriculture University is a riot of colours, scents and lessons in flora

A canopy of towering gulmohar trees streak the air with yellow as I begin my walk at the Tamil Nadu Agriculture University’s (TNAU) renovated botanical garden in Coimbatore. Adding pleasure to the view is a cool breeze. A few steps away from the profuse yellow, a riot of orange blooms dot the ground. Next to this bay of flowering shrubs of rose, yellow, and orange tecoma flowers are vast stretches of green lawns.

The renovated front of the 113-year-old garden, second largest in the State after the Government Botanical Garden in Udhagamandalam (Ooty), has re-laid lawn grass on both sides, central fountains, and gazebos. A pond will be added with water lillies and lotuses.

The pavement on the main drive is flanked by rows of false Ashoka trees, foliage trees that branch out in tiers, and cordia trees that bear saffron-coloured flowers all through the year. Flowering climbers and clerodendrom shrubs with white and red blossoms form the hedges around arches at the lawns. A QR code displayed next to the trees and plants displays both scientific and common names.

Spread across 47 acres, the garden has over 800 species of flora, both exotic and native, and serves as an education hub for botanists and the general public. “It brings together education, aesthetics, and recreation,” says N Kumar, Vice-Chancellor of TNAU. “The garden is a zero-plastics zone and we ensure that the public strictly adhere to it,” he adds.

The front entrance leads to a renovated play area for children — a cheerful space with multiple swings and colourful slides. An artificial cascade waterfall is being readied. A garden maze with railings is accompanied by rows of clerodendron plants, with tiny white flowers. “These are evergreen plants and can grow up to two metres and in perfect shape. Children can run and hide themselves among the greenery,” says M Ganga, Associate Professor from the Department of Floriculture.

A scented trail

  • I pluck a few leaves from a stevia plant and chew them. They give me an instant sugar rush. “It’s a bio-sweetener, 100 times sweeter than sugar,” says L Nalina, Associate Professor at Department of Floriculture, who specialises in medicinal plants.
  • She adds, as we walk through the herbal and aroma garden that has a valuable collection of over 100 species, “We educate on identification, conservation, and uses of herbal and aromatic plants to the students. The public can also gain knowledge.”
  • Along with plants like nilavembu, brahmi and different varieties of basil, there are species like Thai long pepper ( yaanai thippili), Coleus, aaatukaal kilangu (a tuber shaped like goat’s legs), Malabar spinach and sweet flag (vasambu).
  • The aroma garden has some of the amazing-smelling plants, from the fragrant chamomile and cape jasmine to lavender, thyme, oregano, peppermint, rosemary and cloves.

A little distance away is a five-tiered sunken garden. It has a central pond laid below the ground level, and terraces around it. It also features steps embellished with flowering shrubs like pink euphorbias, and ruellias with pink, white and purple flowers.

“The Department of Floriculture maintains the garden. It’s a tropical botanical garden and serves as an eduction centre for floriculture students to learn about landscaping and concepts of floriculture as it is a part of the syllabus,” explains Kumar.

Along with the existing plants and trees, a number of new species have been added, like the branched palm sourced from the Royal Botanical Garden of Kolkata. A cluster of male and female branched palm trees stands still and picturesque overlooking the four-lawn green turf, developed with Mexican grass.

Beyond flowers and petals

Other attractions include a bambusetum with 15 species of bamboo, a rock garden with cacti species, and a palmatum with diverse palm species.

We stop by and glance at a beautiful pink flower, ( It’s the desert rose, a hardy plant, says Ganga) before moving on take a look at the trellis decked up with purple wreath, a lovely small climber with drooping violet-purple star-like flowers, yellow tabebuias and wild alamandas. A mound lawn with undulating elevations comes into the view, a place to sit and watch beautiful views of the garden. We walk past sivakundalam (sausage tree) and 100-year-old gulmohar trees with buttressed roots, to reach the plant conservatory, where plants are nurtured and protected in a green house with shade net.

A sprinkler water system creates a misty environment for the plants. There are anthuriums, birds of paradise, heliconias, rose grape cluster plants, peace lily, and more.

“These species require high humidity. Most of these plant species are rare, endangered or threatened. These species cannot withstand direct sunlight, so we nurture them under diffused light,” explains Ganga.

These efforts are taken for a solid reason, explains Kumar, “Our objective is to reach out to the public. A love for flora should eventually lead to conservation.”

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How to read a 300-year-old letter without opening it

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(Subscribe to Science For All, our weekly newsletter, where we aim to take the jargon out of science and put the fun in. Click here.)

In 1926, a seventeenth-century trunk containing over 2000 unclaimed letters was bequeathed to the Dutch postal museum. The letters were closed using an ancient technique called letterlocking, in which the writing paper is intricately folded and secured to become its own envelopes. Now an international team of researchers has virtually unfolded and unlocked the contents of one of the letters and the findings were published on Tuesday in Nature Communications.

The team used a technique called X-ray microtomography. “The scanning technology is similar to medical CT scanners, but using much more intense X-rays which allow us to see the minute traces of metal in the ink used to write these letters,” explains one of the authors Dr. David Mills from the Queen Mary University of London in a release.

The team developed algorithms to virtually separate the different layers of the complicated folds in the letters.

 

“We were not interested in working on the project if the endgame was to tear open the unopened letters. The unopened letterpackets preserve invaluable letterlocking evidence,” explains lead author Jana Dambrogio in an email to The Hindu. She is from the Wunsch Conservation Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Libraries, Cambridge, and has been studying the intricate details of letters for twenty years.

Content of the letter

The study revealed that the letter, dated July 31, 1697, was written in French by a legal professional named Jacques Sennacques, from Lille (a city in northern France), who requires a “legalised” death certificate for a relation, Daniel Le Pers.

“Jacques doesn’t say why he needs this document, but it’s clearly an urgent request as he reminds Pierre that he’s asked for it before. The letter is important because it shows that family members were able to communicate across borders thanks to an efficient postal system. It also sheds light on the worries of ordinary people – most letters we have are by the elites, but this mundane letter reveals the more day-to-day business of people at the time.” says one of the authors David van der Linden, from Radboud University (The Netherlands), in an email to The Hindu.

“This is a great example of the everyday business of a lawyer more than 300 years ago. The people whose lives are recorded in the trunk were ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances – often separated from their friends, families, and patrons for reasons of religious persecution, or simply the enduring need to make money. These letters poignantly capture their attempts to maintain vital human connections across vast and sometimes dangerous distances,” adds Dr. Jana Dambrogio.

A seventeenth-century trunk of letters bequeathed to the Dutch postal museum in The Hague. The trunk belonged to one of the most active postmaster and postmistress of the day, Simon and Marie de Brienne, a couple at the heart of European communication networks. Courtesy of the Sound and Vision The Hague, The Netherlands. The trunk is part of the Brienne Collection.

A seventeenth-century trunk of letters bequeathed to the Dutch postal museum in The Hague. The trunk belonged to one of the most active postmaster and postmistress of the day, Simon and Marie de Brienne, a couple at the heart of European communication networks. Courtesy of the Sound and Vision The Hague, The Netherlands. The trunk is part of the Brienne Collection.
 

 

The studied letter required at least eight folding and locking steps to transform the flat sheet of paper into a compact letterpacket. Dr. Dambrogio explains that there are hundreds of folding sequences in the collection and the virtual unfolding pipeline has helped study them

She says that the team is also interested in using this X-ray technique to study origami. “A challenge in origami is to accurately measure folded objects so that we can better understand if they truly ‘exist’ from a mathematical standpoint – if they can be folded without stretching the paper in any way. Another area of interest is to study important origami works whose designers have long since passed away and we have no record of how they were constructed,” she adds.

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Human lives lost due to wildlife-human conflict need to be better compensated, say scientists

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The average compensation paid for human death in India is ₹1,91,437, and the average compensation paid for injury is ₹6,185

The lives of people lost due to wildlife-human conflicts are not adequately compensated in India, according to a new study which says changing the approach to this estimate can improve conservation efforts, and help understand which species to prioritise at conflict-prone zones.

The research, published in the journal PNAS, surveyed 5,196 households living near 11 wildlife reserves in India, and self-reported annual costs including crop and livestock losses, injuries, and human deaths.

“Human casualties contribute overwhelmingly to overall damages from wildlife interactions. This is despite the use of a relatively low valuation of human life from the literature,” study lead author, Sumeet Gulati from The University of British Columbia in Canada, told PTI.

The researchers said compensation for human death ranges from ₹76,400 in Haryana, to ₹8,73,995 in Maharashtra. They said the average compensation paid for human death in the country is ₹1,91,437, and the average compensation paid for injury is ₹6,185.

 

According to Gulati, these compensation values, known as value of a statistical life (VSL) are typically calculated from labour market comparisons. “Controlling for how productive workers are across different industries, economists estimate how much of the compensation paid can be attributed to the risk of injury or death across occupations,” Gulati explained. “One obvious way to improve this estimate is to have more studies estimating the VSL using data from developing countries.”

According to the researchers, better compensation for human fatalities can likely reduce animosity towards the species conservationists intend to preserve.

“More importantly, if governments invested in measures to reduce conflict based on an accurate understanding of the real value of the loss of human life, conflict would be reduced, and animosity would fall, making both those living near the forest and those who care about the beings in the forest better off,” Gulati explained.

According to the wildlife conservationist, the dominance of the costs of human casualties rationalises the innate fear and respect towards large species like elephants displayed by those living with wildlife in India.

 

Based on the findings, the scientists said focusing on the cost of human casualties while estimating losses from wildlife conflict is necessary.

“Our research is one of the largest scientific assessments of human-wildlife conflict globally,” said study co-author Krithi Karanth from the Centre for Wildlife Studies in Bengaluru. “We find that farmers experiencing a negative interaction with an elephant over the last year incur damages on average that are 600 and 900 times those incurred by farmers with negative interactions with the next most costly herbivore — the pig and the nilgai.”

Similarly, she said farmers experiencing a negative interaction with a tiger over the last year incur damage that is on average three times that inflicted by a leopard, and a 100 times from a wolf.

Although a species is associated with a rare occurrence of human fatalities, the scientists said the expected cost of death from a negative interaction could be much higher than the expected cost of frequently occurring crop or livestock damage. “Conservation managers have to prioritise human casualties and improve assistance provided to people,” Karanth added.

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