Researchers mimic photosynthesis, convert CO2 into solar fuel | India News – Times of India

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BENGALURU: Researchers from the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) have developed an integrated system that can capture carbon dioxide (CO2) and convert it into solar fuel — a process they call artificial photosynthesis (AP) — which they feel can aid mitigate effects of emissions made by use of fossil fuels. This process of converting CO2 into solar fuel also generates oxygen from water.
Pointing out that owing to the excessive consumption of fossil fuels, extreme emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides are the prime reasons for severe pollution and global warming, Prof Tapas Kumar Maji, who led the team, said that for humanity, however, nature provides oxygen and foods for aerobic life cycles via photosynthesis, which produces oxygen (O2) and carbohydrates from CO2 and water by utilizing solar energy.

In other words, solar energy, he said, gets converted into chemical energy and stowed in carbohydrates. That they have demonstrated this under the sunlight and not just in lab conditions has the researchers elated.
“We have tried to mimic nature’s design of the energy supply method by CO2 capture and conversion. The system we’ve developed is configured in such a way that it can capture CO2, harness the solar energy, produce charge-separated electron-hole pairs and reduce CO2 selectively in water in a sustainable condition,” Maji told TOI.
Their findings, including the method used to develop their integrated system and the various components it contains, and the process used to create artificial photosynthesis, have been published in the scientific journal Energy and Environmental Science. Maji’s team comprises three other JNCASR scientists: Sanchita Karmakar, Soumitra Barman and Faruk Ahamed Rahimi.
“We have designed and fabricated an integrated catalytic system that can harness solar power and a catalytic centre that can eventually reduce CO2. In addition, by mimicking natural photosynthesis, the photocatalytic assembly is assessed for CO2 reduction under direct sunlight in a water medium without any additives, where it shows the superior performance of CO production,” Maji explained.
Further, pointing to various challenges, Maji said that for a designed material to comprehend the solar energy conversion technology of the leaf, the light-absorbing material must capture a solar photon to generate a wireless current which can be harnessed by catalysts and drive the subsequent oxidation and reduction reaction in sustainable conditions to produce value-added carbon-feedstock.
In artificial photosynthesis (AP), scientists are essentially conducting the same fundamental process in natural photosynthesis but with simpler nanostructures.
“…However, there are plenty of hurdles to overcome as a successful catalyst to carry out AP. First and foremost, the catalyst platform should possess excellent CO2 absorbing capability so that the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) can be carried out in the later stage. Secondly, the catalyst should be able to harness solar energy to gain enough fuel to drive CO2 RR,” Maji explained.

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Tamil Nadu Agriculture University’s renovated botanical garden opens with new attractions

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Tamil Nadu’s second largest garden has been renovated, at the age of 113. Now, a walk through the refreshed botanical garden of Tamil Nadu Agriculture University is a riot of colours, scents and lessons in flora

A canopy of towering gulmohar trees streak the air with yellow as I begin my walk at the Tamil Nadu Agriculture University’s (TNAU) renovated botanical garden in Coimbatore. Adding pleasure to the view is a cool breeze. A few steps away from the profuse yellow, a riot of orange blooms dot the ground. Next to this bay of flowering shrubs of rose, yellow, and orange tecoma flowers are vast stretches of green lawns.

Symmetrical garden with flowering shrubs

The renovated front of the 113-year-old garden, second largest in the State after the Government Botanical Garden in Udhagamandalam (Ooty), has re-laid lawn grass on both sides, central fountains, and gazebos. A pond will be added with water lillies and lotuses.

All plants and trees have been labelled using QR coding system

All plants and trees have been labelled using QR coding system  
| Photo Credit:
Siva Saravanan S

The pavement on the main drive is flanked by rows of false Ashoka trees, foliage trees that branch out in tiers, and cordia trees that bear saffron-coloured flowers all through the year. Flowering climbers and clerodendrom shrubs with white and red blossoms form the hedges around arches at the lawns. A QR code displayed next to the trees and plants displays both scientific and common names.

Maze garden

Spread across 47 acres, the garden has over 800 species of flora, both exotic and native, and serves as an education hub for botanists and the general public. “It brings together education, aesthetics, and recreation,” says N Kumar, Vice-Chancellor of TNAU. “The garden is a zero-plastics zone and we ensure that the public strictly adhere to it,” he adds.

The front entrance leads to a renovated play area for children — a cheerful space with multiple swings and colourful slides. An artificial cascade waterfall is being readied. A garden maze with railings is accompanied by rows of clerodendron plants, with tiny white flowers. “These are evergreen plants and can grow up to two metres and in perfect shape. Children can run and hide themselves among the greenery,” says M Ganga, Associate Professor from the Department of Floriculture.

A scented trail

  • I pluck a few leaves from a stevia plant and chew them. They give me an instant sugar rush. “It’s a bio-sweetener, 100 times sweeter than sugar,” says L Nalina, Associate Professor at Department of Floriculture, who specialises in medicinal plants.
  • She adds, as we walk through the herbal and aroma garden that has a valuable collection of over 100 species, “We educate on identification, conservation, and uses of herbal and aromatic plants to the students. The public can also gain knowledge.”
  • Along with plants like nilavembu, brahmi and different varieties of basil, there are species like Thai long pepper ( yaanai thippili), Coleus, aaatukaal kilangu (a tuber shaped like goat’s legs), Malabar spinach and sweet flag (vasambu).
  • The aroma garden has some of the amazing-smelling plants, from the fragrant chamomile and cape jasmine to lavender, thyme, oregano, peppermint, rosemary and cloves.

A little distance away is a five-tiered sunken garden. It has a central pond laid below the ground level, and terraces around it. It also features steps embellished with flowering shrubs like pink euphorbias, and ruellias with pink, white and purple flowers.

“The Department of Floriculture maintains the garden. It’s a tropical botanical garden and serves as an eduction centre for floriculture students to learn about landscaping and concepts of floriculture as it is a part of the syllabus,” explains Kumar.

Along with the existing plants and trees, a number of new species have been added, like the branched palm sourced from the Royal Botanical Garden of Kolkata. A cluster of male and female branched palm trees stands still and picturesque overlooking the four-lawn green turf, developed with Mexican grass.

Beyond flowers and petals

Other attractions include a bambusetum with 15 species of bamboo, a rock garden with cacti species, and a palmatum with diverse palm species.

Plant conservatory with 400 protected species

Plant conservatory with 400 protected species  
| Photo Credit:
Siva Saravanan S

We stop by and glance at a beautiful pink flower, ( It’s the desert rose, a hardy plant, says Ganga) before moving on take a look at the trellis decked up with purple wreath, a lovely small climber with drooping violet-purple star-like flowers, yellow tabebuias and wild alamandas. A mound lawn with undulating elevations comes into the view, a place to sit and watch beautiful views of the garden. We walk past sivakundalam (sausage tree) and 100-year-old gulmohar trees with buttressed roots, to reach the plant conservatory, where plants are nurtured and protected in a green house with shade net.

Play area for children gets a facelift

A sprinkler water system creates a misty environment for the plants. There are anthuriums, birds of paradise, heliconias, rose grape cluster plants, peace lily, and more.

“These species require high humidity. Most of these plant species are rare, endangered or threatened. These species cannot withstand direct sunlight, so we nurture them under diffused light,” explains Ganga.

These efforts are taken for a solid reason, explains Kumar, “Our objective is to reach out to the public. A love for flora should eventually lead to conservation.”

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Tamil Nadu Agriculture University’s renovated botanical garden opens with new attractions

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Read More/Less


Tamil Nadu’s second largest garden has been renovated, at the age of 113. Now, a walk through the refreshed botanical garden of Tamil Nadu Agriculture University is a riot of colours, scents and lessons in flora

A canopy of towering gulmohar trees streak the air with yellow as I begin my walk at the Tamil Nadu Agriculture University’s (TNAU) renovated botanical garden in Coimbatore. Adding pleasure to the view is a cool breeze. A few steps away from the profuse yellow, a riot of orange blooms dot the ground. Next to this bay of flowering shrubs of rose, yellow, and orange tecoma flowers are vast stretches of green lawns.

The renovated front of the 113-year-old garden, second largest in the State after the Government Botanical Garden in Udhagamandalam (Ooty), has re-laid lawn grass on both sides, central fountains, and gazebos. A pond will be added with water lillies and lotuses.

The pavement on the main drive is flanked by rows of false Ashoka trees, foliage trees that branch out in tiers, and cordia trees that bear saffron-coloured flowers all through the year. Flowering climbers and clerodendrom shrubs with white and red blossoms form the hedges around arches at the lawns. A QR code displayed next to the trees and plants displays both scientific and common names.

Spread across 47 acres, the garden has over 800 species of flora, both exotic and native, and serves as an education hub for botanists and the general public. “It brings together education, aesthetics, and recreation,” says N Kumar, Vice-Chancellor of TNAU. “The garden is a zero-plastics zone and we ensure that the public strictly adhere to it,” he adds.

The front entrance leads to a renovated play area for children — a cheerful space with multiple swings and colourful slides. An artificial cascade waterfall is being readied. A garden maze with railings is accompanied by rows of clerodendron plants, with tiny white flowers. “These are evergreen plants and can grow up to two metres and in perfect shape. Children can run and hide themselves among the greenery,” says M Ganga, Associate Professor from the Department of Floriculture.

A scented trail

  • I pluck a few leaves from a stevia plant and chew them. They give me an instant sugar rush. “It’s a bio-sweetener, 100 times sweeter than sugar,” says L Nalina, Associate Professor at Department of Floriculture, who specialises in medicinal plants.
  • She adds, as we walk through the herbal and aroma garden that has a valuable collection of over 100 species, “We educate on identification, conservation, and uses of herbal and aromatic plants to the students. The public can also gain knowledge.”
  • Along with plants like nilavembu, brahmi and different varieties of basil, there are species like Thai long pepper ( yaanai thippili), Coleus, aaatukaal kilangu (a tuber shaped like goat’s legs), Malabar spinach and sweet flag (vasambu).
  • The aroma garden has some of the amazing-smelling plants, from the fragrant chamomile and cape jasmine to lavender, thyme, oregano, peppermint, rosemary and cloves.

A little distance away is a five-tiered sunken garden. It has a central pond laid below the ground level, and terraces around it. It also features steps embellished with flowering shrubs like pink euphorbias, and ruellias with pink, white and purple flowers.

“The Department of Floriculture maintains the garden. It’s a tropical botanical garden and serves as an eduction centre for floriculture students to learn about landscaping and concepts of floriculture as it is a part of the syllabus,” explains Kumar.

Along with the existing plants and trees, a number of new species have been added, like the branched palm sourced from the Royal Botanical Garden of Kolkata. A cluster of male and female branched palm trees stands still and picturesque overlooking the four-lawn green turf, developed with Mexican grass.

Beyond flowers and petals

Other attractions include a bambusetum with 15 species of bamboo, a rock garden with cacti species, and a palmatum with diverse palm species.

We stop by and glance at a beautiful pink flower, ( It’s the desert rose, a hardy plant, says Ganga) before moving on take a look at the trellis decked up with purple wreath, a lovely small climber with drooping violet-purple star-like flowers, yellow tabebuias and wild alamandas. A mound lawn with undulating elevations comes into the view, a place to sit and watch beautiful views of the garden. We walk past sivakundalam (sausage tree) and 100-year-old gulmohar trees with buttressed roots, to reach the plant conservatory, where plants are nurtured and protected in a green house with shade net.

A sprinkler water system creates a misty environment for the plants. There are anthuriums, birds of paradise, heliconias, rose grape cluster plants, peace lily, and more.

“These species require high humidity. Most of these plant species are rare, endangered or threatened. These species cannot withstand direct sunlight, so we nurture them under diffused light,” explains Ganga.

These efforts are taken for a solid reason, explains Kumar, “Our objective is to reach out to the public. A love for flora should eventually lead to conservation.”

You have reached your limit for free articles this month.

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Today’s Paper

Find mobile-friendly version of articles from the day’s newspaper in one easy-to-read list.

Unlimited Access

Enjoy reading as many articles as you wish without any limitations.

Personalised recommendations

A select list of articles that match your interests and tastes.

Faster pages

Move smoothly between articles as our pages load instantly.

Dashboard

A one-stop-shop for seeing the latest updates, and managing your preferences.

Briefing

We brief you on the latest and most important developments, three times a day.

Support Quality Journalism.

*Our Digital Subscription plans do not currently include the e-paper, crossword and print.

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